UBA2 variants underlie a recognizable syndrome with variable aplasia cutis congenita and ectrodactyly.

PURPOSE: The human chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome is associated with a variable phenotype that includes aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and ectrodactyly as specific features. UBA2 (ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 2) lies adjacent to the minimal deletion overlap region. We aimed to define the UBA2-related phenotypic spectrum in humans and zebrafish due to sequence variants and to establish the mechanism of disease. METHODS: Exome sequencing was used to detect UBA2 sequence variants in 16 subjects in 7 unrelated families. uba2 loss of function was modeled in zebrafish. Effects of human missense variants were assessed in zebrafish rescue experiments. RESULTS: Seven human UBA2 loss-of-function and missense sequence variants were detected. UBA2-phenotypes included ACC, ectrodactyly, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, ectodermal, skeletal, craniofacial, cardiac, renal, and genital anomalies. uba2 was expressed in zebrafish eye, brain, and pectoral fins; uba2-null fish showed deficient growth, microcephaly, microphthalmia, mandibular hypoplasia, and abnormal fins. uba2-mRNAs with human missense variants failed to rescue nullizygous zebrafish phenotypes. CONCLUSION: UBA2 variants cause a recognizable syndrome with a wide phenotypic spectrum. Our data suggest that loss of UBA2 function underlies the human UBA2 monogenic disorder and highlights the importance of SUMOylation in the development of affected tissues.

[Aicardi syndrome with Dandy-Walker type malformation]. / Síndrome de Aicardi con malformación tipo Dandy-Walker.

INTRODUCTION: Aicardi syndrome (OMIM 304050) was first described in 1965. Its classic triad consists of infantile spasms, partial or total agenesis of the corpus callosum and ocular disorders, such as chorioretinal lacunae. It has been posited that it is due to a mechanism involving X-linked dominant inheritance. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a full-term female, with no pathological familial history or parental consanguinity, with a prenatal diagnosis of Dandy-Walker type malformation, who presented convulsions, coloboma of the optic nerve, thoracic vertebral block with presence of scoliosis, transfontanellar ultrasound imaging showing agenesis of the corpus callosum and karyotype 46,XX. She was diagnosed with Aicardi syndrome and died at the age of one and a half months. The autopsy revealed supratentorial hydrocephalus with the presence of choroid plexus papilloma, a cyst in the posterior fossa (fourth ventricle), hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, agenesis of the left hemisphere of the corpus callosum and cerebellum, characteristic facial features of the syndrome, ogival palate, pectus excavatum, scoliosis, paraovarian cyst and hepatomegaly. CONCLUSIONS: Few cases of an association between the pathology and the presence of Dandy-Walker malformation have been described. We report a new case of the association, bearing in mind that the related disorders, mainly agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, suggest the existence of an underlying genetic component. A study of the search for the aetiology must be focused on evaluating those genes that are related with neurodevelopment and its activation in the organogenesis stage. The definitive diagnosis establishes the prognosis, management and genetic counselling of the family.

TITLE: Sindrome de Aicardi con malformacion tipo Dandy-Walker.Introduccion. El sindrome de Aicardi (OMIM 304050) fue descrito en 1965. Su triada clasica esta compuesta por espasmos infantiles, agenesia parcial o total del cuerpo calloso y alteraciones oculares, como lagunas coriorretinianas. Se postula un mecanismo de herencia ligado a X dominante. Caso clinico. Niña nacida a termino, sin antecedentes familiares patologicos ni consanguinidad parental, con diagnostico prenatal de malformacion tipo Dandy-Walker, quien presento episodios convulsivos, coloboma del nervio optico, bloque vertebral toracico con presencia de escoliosis, ecografia transfontanelar con agenesia del cuerpo calloso y cariotipo 46,XX. Se diagnostico de sindrome de Aicardi y fallecio con mes y medio de edad. En la autopsia se evidencio hidrocefalia supratentorial con presencia de papiloma de los plexos coroideos, quiste en la fosa posterior (cuarto ventriculo), hipoplasia del vermis cerebeloso, agenesia del hemisferio del cuerpo calloso y cerebeloso izquierdo, rasgos faciales caracteristicos del sindrome, paladar ojival, pectus excavatum, escoliosis, quiste paraovarico y hepatomegalia. Conclusiones. Pocos casos han descrito la asociacion de la patologia y la presencia de malformacion de Dandy-Walker. Se comunica un nuevo caso con esta asociacion, teniendo en cuenta que las alteraciones relacionadas, principalmente agenesia o hipoplasia del cuerpo calloso, sugieren que tiene un componente genetico de base. El estudio de busqueda de la etiologia de centrarse en evaluar aquellos genes que tengan relacion con el neurodesarrollo y su activacion en la etapa de organogenia. El diagnostico definitivo establece el pronostico, manejo y asesoria genetica a la familia.

Síndrome de Aicardi con malformación tipo Dandy-Walker / Aicardi syndrome with Dandy-Walker type malformation

Introducción. El síndrome de Aicardi (OMIM 304050) fue descrito en 1965. Su tríada clásica está compuesta por espasmos infantiles, agenesia parcial o total del cuerpo calloso y alteraciones oculares, como lagunas coriorretinianas. Se postula un mecanismo de herencia ligado a X dominante. Caso clínico. Niña nacida a término, sin antecedentes familiares patológicos ni consanguinidad parental, con diagnóstico prenatal de malformación tipo Dandy-Walker, quien presentó episodios convulsivos, coloboma del nervio óptico, bloque vertebral torácico con presencia de escoliosis, ecografía transfontanelar con agenesia del cuerpo calloso y cariotipo 46,XX. Se diagnosticó de síndrome de Aicardi y falleció con mes y medio de edad. En la autopsia se evidenció hidrocefalia supratentorial con presencia de papiloma de los plexos coroideos, quiste en la fosa posterior (cuarto ventrículo), hipoplasia del vermis cerebeloso, agenesia del hemisferio del cuerpo calloso y cerebeloso izquierdo, rasgos faciales característicos del síndrome, paladar ojival, pectus excavatum, escoliosis, quiste paraovárico y hepatomegalia. Conclusiones. Pocos casos han descrito la asociación de la patología y la presencia de malformación de Dandy-Walker. Se comunica un nuevo caso con esta asociación, teniendo en cuenta que las alteraciones relacionadas, principalmente agenesia o hipoplasia del cuerpo calloso, sugieren que tiene un componente genético de base. El estudio de búsqueda de la etiología de centrarse en evaluar aquellos genes que tengan relación con el neurodesarrollo y su activación en la etapa de organogenia. El diagnóstico definitivo establece el pronóstico, manejo y asesoría genética a la familia (AU)

Introduction. Aicardi syndrome (OMIM 304050) was first described in 1965. Its classic triad consists of infantile spasms, partial or total agenesis of the corpus callosum and ocular disorders, such as chorioretinal lacunae. It has been posited that it is due to a mechanism involving X-linked dominant inheritance. Case report. We report the case of a full-term female, with no pathological familial history or parental consanguinity, with a prenatal diagnosis of Dandy-Walker type malformation, who presented convulsions, coloboma of the optic nerve, thoracic vertebral block with presence of scoliosis, transfontanellar ultrasound imaging showing agenesis of the corpus callosum and karyotype 46,XX. She was diagnosed with Aicardi syndrome and died at the age of one and a half months. The autopsy revealed supratentorial hydrocephalus with the presence of choroid plexus papilloma, a cyst in the posterior fossa (fourth ventricle), hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, agenesis of the left hemisphere of the corpus callosum and cerebellum, characteristic facial features of the syndrome, ogival palate, pectus excavatum, scoliosis, paraovarian cyst and hepatomegaly. Conclusions. Few cases of an association between the pathology and the presence of Dandy-Walker malformation have been described. We report a new case of the association, bearing in mind that the related disorders, mainly agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, suggest the existence of an underlying genetic component. A study of the search for the aetiology must be focused on evaluating those genes that are related with neurodevelopment and its activation in the organogenesis stage. The definitive diagnosis establishes the prognosis, management and genetic counselling of the family (AU)